Effects of mechanical macrophyte control on suspended sediment concentrations in streams     

MJC Greer  AS Hicks  SK Crow  GP Closs 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):254-278

Suspended sediment (SS) is an important pollutant in freshwater ecosystems and can be detrimental to fish communities. Although macrophytes mediate sediment deposition, little effort has been put into determining how their removal affects sediment resuspension. The present study examined the immediate and long-term impacts of mechanical macrophyte removal on SS concentrations in streams. The results of this study suggest that bed disturbance during mechanical excavation of macrophytes significantly increases SS in the short term, and concentrations were found to increase by as much as 15,687 mg L^–1 immediately after macrophyte removal. Significant long-term (77 day) increases in SS were also observed, indicating that without macrophytes, disturbed material is continually resuspended after excavation by fluvial processes. These results demonstrate that macrophyte removal can result in SS levels that have previously been shown to harm fish, and indicate that this activity may be more detrimental to fish than previously thought.  相似文献   

Land‐water interactions at Whatawhata,New Zealand: Introduction and synthesis     

John M. Quinn  A. Bryce Cooper 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):569-577

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Diel changes in the abundance and size composition of invertebrate drift in five rivers in South Island,New Zealand     

P. M. Sagar  G. J. Glova 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):103-114

Drift was collected over 24‐h periods in five rivers in South Island, New Zealand, to determine whether diel periodicity was consistent across a range of river types, and whether the pattern was similar for different life stages/sizes of selected taxa. Total drift density (numbers per 100 m³ ) of aquatic invertebrates was greater at night than during the day in all rivers; peak abundance occurred shortly after sunset in clear water rivers and shortly before sunrise in a turbid, glacier‐fed river. Densities of drifting Deleatidium spp., Nesameletus spp. (both Ephemeroptera), Aoteapsyche spp., and Hydrobiosidae (both Trichoptera), were generally greater at night than during the day. However, the timing of peak abundance in the drift for other common taxa varied between rivers. Larger Deleatidium spp. larvae (> 1.00 mm head width) were more common in the drift at night than during the day in all rivers. However, this was not apparent for Aoteapsyche spp. and Hydrobiosidae, for which diel differences in the size of drifting animals were not consistent even within the same river. The propensity for some aquatic invertebrates to drift at night may influence fish feeding behaviour, particularly with respect to the timing of feeding and the species or life history stages of their prey.  相似文献   

Diagnosis of a new species of neolithodes (Crustacea: Anomura: Lithodidae) from New Zealand (note)     

Elliot W. Dawson  J. C. Yaldwyn 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):227-228

A new stone crab, Neolithodes brodiei sp.nov., known from an ovigerous female taken in 455 fm (832 m) on the Campbell Plateau, is characterised and distinguished from the five species previously recognised. It is morphologically close to the North Atlantic N. agassizii and the South African N. asperrimus.  相似文献   

Biological aspects of pollution in the Heathcote river,Christchurch, New Zealand     

Jan Cameron 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):431-444

The presence and degree of pollution in the Heathcote River was estimated from bacterial and chemical analyses of water sampled at low tide from five stations in summer 1967–68. The river is very badly polluted in the industrial area and downstream of it, but is fairly clean upstream of the industrial area. Results of analyses of micro‐organisms and macrofauna at 20 stations are presented and distributions of these organisms are related to salinity and pollution in the river. Pollution is restricting the macrofauna of the river but is encouraging micro‐organism populations. Three groups of macrofauna are present:

• Those present in clean freshwater only,

• Those tolerating pollution but restricted to freshwater, and

• Those tolerating pollution but restricted to saline water.

The use of these groups of species as biological indicators of pollution in the Heathcote River has been evaluated; pollution appears to be indicated by absence of a group of species rather than by presence of one species.  相似文献   

New Zealand xenophyophores: Upper bathyal distribution,photographs of growth position,and a new species     

O. S. Tendal  K. B. Lewis 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):197-203

Xenophyophores are a group of giant, but extremely fragile, rhizopod protozoans generally found at lower bathyal or abyssal depths. Recent dredge samples and photographs suggest that there is a largely endemic fauna of xenophyophores with anastomosing branches living at upper bathyal depths around New Zealand. Their distribution may be related to the layer of Antarctic Intermediate water that bathes the upper slope of the New Zealand Plateau.

Photographs of the seafloor at depths of 800–1300 m on the Lord Howe Rise show hemispherical masses, 5 cm across, of which the majority appear to be Syringammina tasmanensis Lewis, 1966 and at least one specimen may be Reticulammina lamellata Tendal, 1972. The photographs indicate that these species live on the seabed, not beneath it, that they are probably filter feeders and that they can reach a density of about one specimen per square metre.

A new species, Reticulammina maini, is described from the continental slope east of Auckland. A key to the New Zealand species of xenophyophore is presented.  相似文献   

The river continuum concept — reply to Barmuta and Lake     

M. J. Winterbourn 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):229-231

Spectral analyses of water‐level oscillations in Wellington Harbour during the 1960 Chilean and 1964 Alaskan tsunamis are given. The results are used to define the periods for the three longest‐period characteristic oscillation modes. Some implications for future tsunamis are discussed.  相似文献   

Ocean wave characteristics around New Zealand   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

R. A. Pickrill  J. S. Mitchell 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):501-520

Nearly 17 years wave records from deep water and shore‐based stations are used to describe the ocean wave characteristics around New Zealand. The wave environment is dominated by west and southwest swell and storm waves generated in the temperate latitude belt of westerly winds. As a result, the west and south coasts are exposed, high energy shores, the east coast is a high energy lee shore, and the northern coast from North Cape to East Cape is a low energy lee shore sheltered from these winds and waves. South of New Zealand, wave energies are extremely high; the prevailing deep water wave is 3.5–4.5 m high and has a 10–12 s period, with a slight increase in wave heights in winter.

The west coast wave environment is mixed, and consists of locally generated westerly and southerly storm waves, and swell waves generated to the south. The prevailing wave is t.0–3.0 m and 6–8 s period. There are no strong seasonal rhythms, only shorter period cycles of wave height (5 day) associated with similar quasi‐rhythmic cycles in the weather.

The east coast also has a mixed wave climate with southerly swells, originating in the westerlies south of New Zealand, and locally generated southerly and northerly storm waves. The prevailing wave is 0.5–2.0 m and 7–11 s period. A short period rhythmic cycle, similar to that on the west coast, is superimposed on a weak seasonal cycle. The seasonal, cycle results from an increase in the frequency of local northerly waves in summer.

The prevailing wave on the north coast is a northeasterly, 0.5–1.5 m high and 5–7 s period. Subtropical disturbances and southward‐moving depressions generate a mixed wave environment and a possible seasonally reflecting a winter increase in. storminess.  相似文献   

Terrestrial and Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Mapping in Fire Island National Seashore Using High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Data     

Yeqiao Wang  Michael Traber  Bryan Milstead  Sara Stevens 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):77-95

The vegetation communities and spatial patterns on the Fire Island National Seashore are dynamic as the result of interactions with driving forces such as sand deposition, storm-driven over wash, salt spray, surface water, as well as with human disturbances. We used high spatial resolution QuickBird-2 satellite remote sensing data to map both terrestrial and submerged aquatic vegetation communities of the National Seashore. We adopted a stratified classification and unsupervised classification approach for mapping terrestrial vegetation types. Our classification scheme included detailed terrestrial vegetation types identified by previous vegetation mapping efforts of the National Park Service and three generalized categories of high-density seagrass, low-density seagrass coverages, and unvegetated bottom to map the submerged aquatic vegetation habitats. We used underwater videography, GPS-guided field reference photography, and bathymetric data to support remote sensing image classification and information extraction. This study achieved approximately 82% and 75% overall classification accuracy for the terrestrial and submnerged aquatic vegetations, respectively, and provided an updated vegetation inventory and change analysis for the Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network of the National Park Service.  相似文献   

含挺水植物和沉水植物水流紊动特性   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

王忖  王超 《水科学进展》2010,21(6):816-822

在一定的水动力条件下,不同水生植物对水流结构改变的程度及对底泥再悬浮的影响由于其形态结构的差异有所不同.在玻璃水槽中铺设太湖底泥并种植天然沉水植物(水蕨)和挺水植物(菖蒲),通过水槽实验,用三维声学多普勒流速仪ADV对植物段紊流特性进行测量研究,分析含水生植物明渠水流的水力特性及底泥再悬浮规律.结果表明:含沉水植物和挺水植物明渠水流的垂向流速分布各自遵循不同的规律;其紊动强度和雷诺应力具有明显的各向异性特性;在沉水植物冠层交界处及挺水植物的茎杆和枝叶分叉处,紊流强度及雷诺应力均出现最大值;在一定条件下沉水植物和挺水植物均能抑制底泥再悬浮,但当雷诺数达到一定数值时,水生植物的存在反而加剧了底泥的再悬浮,与挺水植物相比,沉水植物对底泥再悬浮的抑制效果要更好.  相似文献